Effect of size reduction by freeze-milling on processing properties of beta-glucan oat bran

An effect of freeze-milling on processing properties of beta-glucan oat bran has been evaluated. A comparison with existing, patented methods of high molecular weight oat beta-glucan has been carried out. The new method employs raw material pre-treatment with freezing and milling in a hammer mill, resulting in significant reduction of particle size – 89% was between 80 and 50 μm in comparison with initial material when 79% were between 250 and 200 μm. Reduction of particle size also improved some process parameters of extraction technology – 30% improvement in fat removal during first stage of beta-glucan recovery was observed. The achieved pilot plant yield of product containing beta-glucan extraction was 64,03%, purity (ie. beta-glucan content), of achieved product was 84,4% and average molecular weight was about 69,500 g/mol.     

Effect of allelic variation at the Glu-3/Gli-1 loci on breadmaking quality parameters in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS) encoded by the Glu-3 loci are known to contribute to wheat breadmaking quality. However, the specific effect of individual Glu-3 alleles is not well understood due to their complex protein banding patterns in SDS-PAGE and tight linkage with gliadins at the Gli-1 locus. Using DNA markers and a backcross program, we developed a set of nine near isogenic lines (NILs) including different Glu-A3/Gli-A1 or Glu-B3/Gli-B1 alleles in the genetic background of the Argentine variety ProINTA Imperial. The nine NILs and the control were evaluated in three different field trials in Argentina. Significant genotype-by-environment interactions were detected for most quality parameters indicating that the effects of the Glu-3/Gli-1 alleles are modulated by environmental differences. None of the NILs showed differences in total flour protein content, but relative changes in the abundance of particular classes of proteins cannot be ruled out. On average, the Glu-A3f, Glu-B3b, Glu-B3g and Glu-B3i_Man alleles were associated with the highest values in gluten strength-related parameters, while Glu-A3e, Glu-B3a and Glu-B3i_Chu were consistently associated with weak gluten and low quality values. The value of different Glu-3/Gli-1 allele combinations to improve breadmaking quality is discussed.     

在线凝胶色谱-气相色谱质谱测定菠菜中55种农药残留

运用在线凝胶色谱-气相色谱质谱联用(GPC-GC/MS)技术,建立一种快速、准确测定菠菜样品中55种农药残留的方法。样品用乙腈提取,经盐析、PSA净化后,使用GPC-GC/MS进行检测。结果表明：各组分分离良好,在0.025、0.05及0.10 mg/kg 3个添加水平,55种农药的回收率在81.3%～106.2%,相对标准偏差均低于10.3%;在0.01～0.5 μg/mL浓度范围内,线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995 3;55种农药的检出限为0.005～0.5 μg/kg。该方法准确、灵敏、快速,可满足对菠菜中55种农药残留的检测需要。     

Effect of enzymatic and technological treatments on solubilisation of arabinoxylans from brewer's spent grain

Brewer's spent grain (BSG), the most abundant brewing by-product, has hidden and underexploited nutritional potential. In order to valorize BSG, the effects of three commercial xylanases and a peptidase on water unextractable arabinoxylans (WUAX) were studied. Comparing all treatments, higher addition of xylanase resulted in an increase in water extractable arabinoxylans (WEAX). In the most efficient treatment, xylanase alone was able to solubilise 23.7% of WUAX, while the peptidase showed no effect. However, when added together with xylanase, peptidase increased the solubilisation of WUAX up to 1.6 folds. A positive correlation between particle size reduction and solubilisation of WUAX was also proved through milling BSG. These results suggest that access to xylan backbone increases with proteolytic activities, proving a synergistic effect of these specific enzymes. Therefore, if properly treated before being added as ingredient, BSG could add health functionalities to foodstuff while reducing the environmental impact of brewing industries.     

7份白肋烟雄性不育系与同型可育系性状比较

以7份白肋烟雄性不育系与对应的同型可育系为供试材料,比较不育系与同型可育系的综合性状。结果表明,MSVA1053、MSVA1061、MSVA528、MSVA1050、MS鄂白010、MS鄂白001和MS建选3号等7份不育系遗传性状稳定,特征特性及综合性状与同型可育系一致,己转育成为各对应品种的雄性不育的同型系。     

基于SNP标记的玉米自交系遗传多样性分析

以陕A、B群体培育的23份玉米自交系和8个骨干玉米自交系为材料,利用2 846个高质量SNP标记,进行群体遗传结构、遗传多样性和类群间遗传关系分析。结果表明,陕A群体选系的多态性位点2 482个,陕B群体选系的多态性位点2 490个,说明陕A、B群自交系间遗传基础广泛。通过PCA分析,陕A、B群体培育的23份玉米自交系可分为2个部分,陕A群选育的自交系更接近于丹340、郑58、掖478、PH6WC,可归为一类杂种优势群;陕B群选育的自交系更接近于Mo17、黄早四、昌7、PH4CV,可归为另一类杂种优势群。     

干旱对玉米自交系叶片叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以玉米自交系郑58(抗旱性强)和丹340(抗旱性弱)为材料,采用盆栽控水试验,设置中度干旱和正常灌水处理,研究干旱胁迫对玉米自交系苗期、抽雄吐丝期和灌浆期叶片叶绿素荧光指标的影响。结果表明,不同生育时期,玉米自交系叶片光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的最大荧光(Fm)、原初最大光能利用效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/F0)、有效光化学量子产量(Fv’/Fm’)、实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(q P)均随干旱胁迫的加剧而下降;初始荧光(F0)和非光化学猝灭系数(q N)均随干旱胁迫的加剧而升高。与丹340相比,郑58的Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、Fv’/Fm’降幅均相对较小。不同时期干旱胁迫下,郑58的Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、Fv’/Fm’、ΦPSⅡ和q P均高于丹340。与丹340相比,干旱胁迫下,郑58光系统Ⅱ具有较高的光能转化和利用效率、实际光化学量子效率和有效光化学量子产量,通过调节碳同化能力和激发能利用效率,有效地耗散过剩光能减轻光抑制,保护光合机构,维持较高的光合性能。光系统Ⅱ中Fm、Fv/Fm和Fv/F0可以用来鉴定玉米自交系抗旱性。     

玉米单倍体诱导系JS9诱导率研究

以玉米单倍体诱导系JS9为父本,以外引材料Stock6和CAUHO1作为对照,对不同基础材料进行诱导,并对不同授粉时间对基础材料诱导率的影响进行研究。结果表明,JS9对自交系及杂交种均可诱导并产生单倍体。对自交系的诱导结果表明,JS9的诱导率(8.54%)高于CAUHO1(3.03%)和Stock6(1.12%);在对杂交种的诱导中,JS9的诱导率最高(7.91%),CAUHO1次之(2.87%),Stock6最低(1.30%)。针对不同的基础材料,JS9的诱导率存在差异,自交系中,Reid、No Reid等材料诱导率高;杂交种中,Reid×DOM、No Reid×DOM杂优模式诱导率最高。     

城郊山区交通线路景观林分类规划设计——以石家庄山前大道为例

根据城郊山区生态景观特点及游人需要,以石家庄市山前大道为例,探讨了城郊山区交通线路景观林规划原则和内容。将石家庄山前大道沿线山区景观划分为道路景观为主的景观单元、沟谷、农田的俯瞰借景景观单元、仰视的可视山体远景景观单元。根据不同类型景观单元特点,分别建立了道路景观营造技术、俯瞰借景道路景观营造技术和仰视借景道路景观营造技术。提出了适于石家庄市山前大道的植物种类,并建立了道路沿线树种色彩变化频率、景源景观色彩斑块面积等设计方法,及借沟谷景源模式、借农田景源模式和景源景观色彩斑块搭配设计等技术。可为类似地区的景观设计提供参考。     

Epipolythiodiketopiperazines from the Marine Derived Fungus Dichotomomyces cejpii with NF-κB Inhibitory Potential

The Ascomycota Dichotomomyces cejpii was isolated from the marine sponge Callyspongia cf. C. flammea. A new gliotoxin derivative, 6-acetylmonodethiogliotoxin (1) was obtained from fungal extracts. Compounds 2 and 3, methylthio-gliotoxin derivatives were formerly only known as semi-synthetic compounds and are here described as natural products. Additionally the polyketide heveadride (4) was isolated. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 dose-dependently down-regulated TNFα-induced NF-κB activity in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells with IC_50s of 38.5 ± 1.2 µM, 65.7 ± 2.0 µM and 82.7 ± 11.3 µM, respectively. The molecular mechanism was studied with the most potent compound 1 and results indicate downstream inhibitory effects targeting binding of NF-κB to DNA. Compound 1 thus demonstrates potential of epimonothiodiketopiperazine-derived compounds for the development of NF-κB inhibitors.